Islamic baby names

From Hebrew Yochanan meaning 'God is gracious.' Widely used in Islamic tradition as the name of John the Baptist.

The early bloomer, one of the first. Notably borne by Muhammad's first wife, a successful merchant and early Islamic figure.

Pure, clear, or rock in Arabic. Also refers to As-Safa, the hill in Mecca associated with Islamic pilgrimage tradition.

From Arabic meaning 'long-lived' or 'life', derived from the root 'umr'. Historically prominent in Islamic tradition.

God has remembered. A biblical name borne by John the Baptist's father, widely used in Islamic tradition as Zachariah.

From Arabic Ismail, Hebrew Yishmael, meaning 'God hears' or 'God listens'. The biblical son of Abraham.

From Arabic meaning 'early/premature', traditionally associated with Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, Prophet Muhammad's first wife and a prominent early Muslim businesswoman.

From Arabic meaning 'one who tends' or 'caretaker'. In Islamic tradition, Asiya was the name of Pharaoh's wife who became a devoted follower of Moses.

From Arabic meaning 'support' or 'prop', also denotes an official decree or order in Islamic tradition

Combination of Muhammad (praised) and Ali (noble, exalted). Honors the Prophet Muhammad and Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib, revered figures in Islam.

The Green One, a figure in Islamic tradition associated with eternal life and divine protection. Variant spelling of Al-Khidr.

From Arabic 'Abd al-Rahman' meaning 'servant of the merciful one.' Predominant in West Africa, particularly among Fulani and Mandinka peoples.

From Arabic Sulayman, meaning 'peaceful' or 'man of peace', derived from the root salima. Associated with Prophet Solomon in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic Muhammad, meaning 'the praised one.' Widely used across West Africa, particularly in Senegal and Mali among Fulani and Mandinka peoples.

From Arabic roots meaning 'blooming flower' or 'blossoming', also connected to Zachariah, conveying grace and divine blessing in Islamic tradition

From Arabic 'Jalil' meaning 'great' or 'mighty', often used in Islamic naming traditions with the prefix 'Jha-' as a modern variant spelling.

From Arabic meaning 'paradise' or 'garden of Eden', a significant concept in Islamic theology referring to heaven.

From Arabic meaning 'immortal' or 'eternal', derived from the root khalada. A classic Islamic name symbolizing permanence and timelessness.

The Guided One; in Islamic theology, the prophesied messianic figure who will restore justice and faith before the end times.

From Arabic 'inayah' meaning care, protection, or divine favor. Often chosen for its spiritual significance in Islamic tradition.

God will increase. A variant of Joseph, widely used across Islamic and Arabic cultures as a form of Yusuf.

Life or living one. In Islamic tradition, Hawa is the Arabic name for Eve, the first woman created.

From Arabic meaning 'good' or 'handsome.' A revered Islamic name borne by the grandson of Prophet Muhammad, central to Shia Islam.

One who follows the Sunnah (teachings and practices of the Prophet Muhammad). In Islamic tradition, Sunni refers to the largest branch of Islam.

From Arabic 'Uthman, meaning 'one who has a good sense of smell' or 'lion-like.' Historically significant as the name of the third Rightly Guided Caliph.

From Arabic meaning 'the pure one' or 'clarity'. In Islamic tradition, Taha is a Quranic chapter name symbolizing spiritual purity and divine guidance.

From Arabic meaning 'high' or 'elevated'. Also refers to Mount Marwa, one of the two sacred hills in Mecca walked during the Hajj pilgrimage.

Variant of Muhammad, from Arabic 'Hamida' meaning praised or commended. One of the most revered names in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic Yunus, derived from Hebrew Jonah, meaning 'dove' — a symbol of peace and purity in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic meaning 'stern' or 'austere'. Also refers to a father figure, derived from the root word for father in Semitic languages.

Father of the virgin, one who is chaste. A revered Islamic name honoring Abu Bakr, the first Caliph and closest companion of Prophet Muhammad.

Arabic form of Jesus, derived from Hebrew Yeshua meaning 'God saves' or 'the Lord is salvation'

From Arabic meaning 'blessing' or 'grace'. Associated with generosity and divine favor in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic meaning 'lion' or 'brave one'. Associated with strength and courage in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic meaning 'perfect' or 'complete', often used in Islamic tradition to denote wholeness and integrity.

From Arabic meaning 'garden' or 'paradise', particularly in Islamic tradition referring to the gardens of heaven

From Arabic 'al-Aqsa' meaning 'the farthest' or 'the most distant', referring to Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, a site of profound religious significance in Islam.

From Arabic meaning 'fortunate' or 'happy'. A virtue name reflecting prosperity and good fortune in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic Ayyub, derived from Hebrew Job. Means 'he wept' or 'father of sound'. Associated with the biblical prophet Job, known for patience through suffering.

From Arabic meaning 'trustworthy' or 'faithful', also used in Islamic tradition as a divine name meaning 'the Trustworthy One'

Wise, intelligent, and judicious. From Arabic hakim meaning 'wise one' or 'physician', reflecting both intellectual and healing qualities.

Servant of Allah. From Arabic 'Abd (servant) + 'Allah (God), a deeply religious name honoring Islamic faith and devotion.

From Arabic meaning 'smile' or 'tasnim,' referring to a spring in Paradise mentioned in the Quran. Symbolizes joy and celestial beauty.

One who divides or distributes. From the Arabic root meaning 'to divide,' historically borne by the Prophet Muhammad's companion.

From Arabic meaning 'pure' or 'clear.' A name of virtue in Islamic tradition, borne by a companion of Prophet Muhammad.

From the Arabic jariyah, meaning a young woman or maiden. Historically used in Islamic and Middle Eastern cultures.

Abraham, father of many nations. Arabic variant of the Hebrew name signifying a patriarch and spiritual leader in Islamic and Judaic tradition.

Father of the noble one. A revered name in Islamic tradition, borne by the Prophet Muhammad's companion and first Caliph.

From Arabic Ayyūb, derived from Hebrew Job. Means 'father of sounds' or 'one who returns.' Islamic tradition associates it with the patient Prophet Job.

From Arabic meaning 'reddish' or 'glowing', derived from the root word for red. Historically used in Islamic cultures.

From Arabic meaning 'fresh' or 'pure'. Also refers to Talha ibn Ubaydullah, a respected Companion of the Prophet Muhammad known for his virtue.

From Arabic Yassin, referring to the 36th chapter of the Quran. Associated with clarity, guidance, and divine revelation.

One who judges or decides; from the Arabic root meaning 'to judge' or 'to distinguish.' A name of authority and wisdom in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic 'mustafa' meaning 'the chosen one' or 'the selected.' A title of honor traditionally used for Prophet Muhammad.

From Arabic meaning 'the One', often used as a divine name or epithet. Represents unity and singularity in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic 'al-madina' meaning 'the city'. Also refers to Medina, the holy Islamic city in Saudi Arabia.

From Arabic meaning 'fast' or 'swift', also interpreted as 'right-guided'. A traditional Islamic name borne by early Muslim scholars.

Bright, shining, or luminous. Derived from the Arabic root meaning light and radiance, often associated with enlightenment.

From Arabic meaning 'peaceful' or 'serene'. A name of spiritual significance in Islamic tradition, often associated with tranquility and inner peace.

Abraham in Arabic. From Hebrew Avraham meaning 'father of many nations', a revered patriarch in Islamic, Jewish, and Christian traditions.

Servant of Allah, from the Arabic 'Abd al-'Aliyy. A devotional name honoring divine greatness, widely used across West African Islamic communities.

From Arabic meaning 'Moses,' also used as a standalone name. In Islamic tradition, Musa is the name of the prophet Moses, a revered biblical and Quranic figure.

The Chosen One, the Preferred. A title of honor in Islamic tradition referring to Prophet Muhammad.

From Arabic khalida meaning 'eternal' or 'immortal'. A classic Islamic name symbolizing permanence and divine immortality.

From Arabic 'al-kabir' meaning 'the great one' or 'the mighty'. A name of divine significance in Islamic tradition, often used to honor God's greatness.

From Arabic meaning 'safe' or 'secure', also interpreted as 'trustworthy' and 'protected'. Popular in Islamic tradition as the name of the Prophet Muhammad's first wife.

From Arabic meaning 'noble' or 'generous', often used in Islamic tradition as a virtuous name.

The Name (of God). In Islamic tradition, one of the 99 Names of Allah, used as a reverent address for the divine.

From Arabic meaning 'learned' or 'wise one', commonly used in Islamic cultures for scholars and educated individuals

From Arabic meaning 'victorious' or 'successful', often given to express hope for the child's prosperity and achievement.

From Arabic meaning 'mighty' or 'powerful,' often used to denote strength and honor in Islamic tradition.

Arabic form of John, from Hebrew Yochanan meaning 'God is gracious.' Widely used across Islamic cultures.

From Arabic meaning 'the protector' or 'guardian'. A historically significant name in Islamic tradition, borne by companions of the Prophet Muhammad.

From Arabic meaning 'firm' or 'strong'. Associated with classical Islamic poetry and literature, particularly the tragic love story of Qais and Layla.

From Arabic 'al-qadir' meaning 'the powerful' or 'the capable', often used in Islamic naming with spiritual significance.

From Arabic meaning 'blooming flower' or 'one who flowers.' Associated with growth and flourishing in Islamic tradition.

Moon. A celestial name symbolizing beauty, light, and nighttime guidance in Islamic and Arabic tradition.

From Arabic roots meaning 'noble' or 'illustrious'. A modern name blending traditional Islamic naming conventions with contemporary style.

From Arabic meaning 'the one who prostrates' or 'worshipper', related to Islamic prayer and devotion

Submission to God; peace. From the Arabic root 'aslama' meaning to surrender or submit, central to Islamic faith and practice.

From Arabic meaning 'rightly guided' or 'one who follows the right path', connected to Islamic tradition and wisdom

From Arabic meaning 'the best' or 'the noblest.' Associated with Islamic virtue and character, often chosen for righteous qualities.

From Arabic meaning 'successful' or 'one who succeeds.' Naji carries connotations of achievement and positive outcomes in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic referring to the holy Islamic scripture, the Quran. Used as a name to honor Islamic faith and spiritual devotion.

From Arabic meaning 'guardian' or 'protector'. Hafsah was the name of one of Prophet Muhammad's wives, known for her strength and wisdom.

From Arabic meaning 'gift' or 'present'. Also carries connotations of grace and blessing in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic meaning 'fountain' or 'spring of water'. Tasnim is a spring in Paradise mentioned in the Quran, symbolizing purity and eternal blessing.

From Arabic 'Umar, meaning 'long-lived' or 'prosperous'. Prominent in West African Islamic tradition, particularly among Fulani and Mandinka peoples.

Father of many nations. From Hebrew Avraham, the patriarch in Abrahamic religions, revered across Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

From Arabic meaning 'quality' or 'characteristic', often used in Islamic tradition to denote virtuous attributes or divine qualities

Arabic form of John, meaning 'God is gracious.' Prominent in Islamic tradition as the name of John the Baptist (Yahya in Arabic).

The pilgrimage to Mecca performed by Muslims. Umrah is the lesser pilgrimage, a spiritual journey of profound religious significance.

From Arabic meaning 'warrior' or 'one who fights', derived from the root jahada (to strive or struggle), often associated with Islamic virtue

From Arabic meaning 'peaceful' or 'serene', derived from the root word 'sakina' signifying tranquility and divine presence in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic meaning 'blessing' or 'grace', often used in Islamic naming traditions to convey divine favor and prosperity.

Servant of (the) — typically 'Abdel' serves as a prefix in longer Arabic names meaning 'servant of God' or other divine attributes

From Arabic meaning 'mighty' or 'powerful'. A classical Islamic name borne by a companion of the Prophet Muhammad.

From Arabic meaning 'lion' or 'fierce warrior', symbolizing strength, courage, and nobility in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic meaning 'the mighty one' or 'the powerful', referenced in Islamic tradition as a companion of the Prophet Muhammad known for strength and valor.

From Arabic meaning 'one who submits' or 'believer', derived from the root word for submission to God's will in Islamic faith.

From Arabic Hajira, the wife of Prophet Ibrahim. Associated with migration and faith, commemorated in Islamic tradition.

From Swahili meaning 'Friday', the sixth day of the Islamic week, often given to children born on Friday

From Arabic meaning 'trust' or 'faithful deposit'. Associated with honor and trustworthiness in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic meaning 'the guided one' or 'the rightly guided.' Historically significant in Islamic tradition as a title for spiritual leaders.

From Arabic Muḥammad, meaning 'praised' or 'commendable'. One of the most honored names in Islamic tradition, borne by the Prophet Muhammad.

Fortune, luck, or share of destiny in Islamic tradition. Often used to denote one's blessed portion or fate.

From Arabic meaning 'little one' or 'young girl', feminine diminutive form. Name of a wife of the Prophet Muhammad known for her scholarly knowledge.

From Arabic 'Islam' meaning 'submission to God', with feminine suffix '-ae'. Relates to the Islamic faith and submission to divine will.

From Arabic khalīfah meaning 'leader' or 'caliph,' denoting a successor or steward. A title of religious and political authority in Islamic history.

From Arabic meaning 'beautiful' or 'handsome'. Historically significant as the name of Bilal ibn Rabah, the first muezzin in Islam.

From Arabic Khadijah, meaning 'premature child' or 'trustworthy.' Historically significant as the name of Muhammad's first wife, a respected merchant and businesswoman.

From Arabic meaning 'father of abundance' or 'one who returns'. A name with both spiritual and practical significance in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic Yunus, the Quranic name of the Prophet Jonah, meaning 'dove' — a symbol of peace and gentleness in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic meaning 'the chosen one' or 'the selected.' A variant of Mustafa, traditionally associated with Prophet Muhammad in Islamic tradition.

Blessed, fortunate one. From Arabic Amanah meaning trust, or feminine form of Amun. Associated with protection and divine favor.

From Arabic meaning 'devoted' or 'worshipper', often used in Islamic tradition to denote one who is devoted to God.

Servant of the Grantor; from Abdul (servant) and Wahab (the Grantor, a divine name). A traditional Islamic name emphasizing devotion and gratitude.

From Arabic 'razwan' meaning 'pleased' or 'satisfied', often associated with divine approval in Islamic tradition

From Arabic meaning 'growth' or 'increase', often associated with prosperity and blessing in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic meaning 'believes' or 'faithful one', also used as a feminine form relating to faith and devotion in Islamic tradition

The Green One, referring to Khidr from Islamic tradition—a legendary figure associated with immortality, wisdom, and spiritual guidance

From Arabic meaning 'north wind' or 'flame', also referenced as a name of divine significance in Islamic tradition

From Arabic meaning 'rightly guided' or 'one who follows the right path', derived from the root relating to righteousness and guidance.

Servant of the Most Merciful, a deeply religious name honoring Allah's attribute of mercy (ar-Rahman)

From Arabic meaning 'guidance' or 'right path', deeply rooted in Islamic tradition as a spiritual concept of divine guidance.

From Arabic 'Rashīd' meaning 'rightly guided' or 'wise,' honoring virtue and prudent leadership in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic 'al-majeed' meaning 'the glorious' or 'the mighty', a name reflecting divine greatness and nobility.

From Arabic 'inayah' meaning 'concern, care, or attention.' Often used in Islamic contexts to convey divine care and grace.

From Arabic meaning 'fragrant' or 'of good scent'. A noble Islamic name borne by a companion of the Prophet Muhammad known for her courage and wisdom.

One who sees clearly or possesses insight; derived from the Arabic root meaning 'to see' or 'to perceive'

From Arabic meaning 'righteous' or 'virtuous', derived from the root denoting moral correctness and integrity.

From Arabic meaning 'king' or 'master'. A regal name with strong leadership connotations, popular across Muslim-majority cultures.

One who tends or nurtures; a caretaker. In Islamic tradition, Asiyah was the wife of Pharaoh and a revered figure known for her compassion and faith.

Ikram means honor, respect, and generosity in Arabic. It conveys nobility of character and the virtue of treating others with dignity.

From Arabic Muḥammad, meaning 'the praised one' or 'the commended one.' A revered name in Islamic tradition honoring the Prophet Muhammad.

From Arabic meaning 'golden' or 'shining', also a reference to Taibah, the blessed city of Medina in Islamic tradition

From Arabic meaning 'modesty' or 'shyness', a virtue name reflecting dignity and reserved grace in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic Fatimah, feminine of Fatim meaning 'one who abstains.' Borne by Fatimah, daughter of Prophet Muhammad, revered in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic Ḥusayn, diminutive of Ḥasan meaning 'good'. Deeply significant in Islamic tradition as the name of Prophet Muhammad's grandson.

From Arabic meaning 'to recite melodiously', referring to the Quranic recitation art form of tajweed.

From Arabic meaning 'helpers' or 'supporters', historically referring to the Ansar of Medina who aided Prophet Muhammad

From Arabic 'mansur' meaning victorious or triumphant. Historically used as a title of honor across Islamic cultures.

From Arabic meaning 'alive' or 'living,' with Quranic significance as the name of Pharaoh's wife who raised Moses.

Arabic form of David, from Hebrew meaning 'beloved' or 'the beloved one.' Widely used in Islamic cultures across the Middle East and North Africa.

From Arabic 'khalifah' meaning 'successor' or 'caliph', referring to Islamic leaders and the concept of spiritual leadership.

From Arabic meaning 'speaker' or 'one who speaks', derived from the root k-l-m. A respected Islamic name borne by several companions of the Prophet.

The pilgrim or one who has made the hajj. Title of respect for Muslim elders and leaders who have completed the Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca.

From Arabic 'ʿaṣama' meaning 'to protect' or 'to be mighty'. Associated with strength and divine protection in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic meaning 'gentle' or 'mild', often associated with patience and forbearance in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic meaning 'the blooming flower' or 'the radiant one'. Associated with Fatimah az-Zahra, daughter of Prophet Muhammad, revered in Islamic tradition.

Combination of Muhammad (praised, commendable) and Hamza (lion, strength). Honors the Prophet Muhammad and his uncle Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib.

From Arabic meaning 'sword' or 'sharp blade', symbolizing strength, protection, and valor in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic meaning 'to increase' or 'to grow'. Historically significant in Islamic history as the name of several caliphs and religious figures.

From Arabic meaning 'handsome' or 'beautiful'. A classic Islamic name with historical roots in early Islamic tradition.

Meaning 'mighty' or 'powerful', from the Arabic root denoting strength and invincibility. A name of Islamic significance.

A woman who has completed the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca, considered a title of honor and spiritual achievement in Islamic tradition.

Combination of Muhammad (praised) and Umar (long-lived). Honors the Prophet Muhammad and the caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab, two pivotal Islamic figures.

From Arabic meaning 'excellence' or 'benevolence', a virtue name emphasizing moral goodness and kindness in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic meaning 'grateful' or 'thankful', derived from the root shakara. Associated with gratitude and appreciation in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic meaning 'to increase' or 'to grow', signifying abundance and prosperity in Islamic tradition

From Arabic meaning 'good' or 'beautiful'. A name with virtuous connotations, popular in Islamic cultures.

From Arabic meaning 'soft-hearted' or 'compassionate', also associated with Rumaisa bint Milhan, a noble Companion of the Prophet Muhammad.

From Arabic 'Imād, meaning 'support' or 'pillar', signifying strength and reliability. A name conveying steadfastness and foundational support.

Mother, derived from Arabic 'Umm'. Commonly used as a term of respect and endearment in Islamic cultures, often prefixed to a child's name.

From Arabic al-Hassan meaning 'the good one' or 'the handsome one', a name of distinction in Islamic culture.

Fatima al-Zahra (the Radiant) — daughter of Prophet Muhammad, venerated in Islam. Zahra means 'the shining one' or 'blooming flower'.

From Arabic 'nasir' meaning 'helper' or 'victor'. Traditionally used in Islamic cultures as a name conveying protection and strength.

From Arabic meaning 'noble' or 'distinguished', also referencing the Ash'ari school of Islamic theology founded by Al-Ash'ari

From Arabic 'al-hasan' meaning 'the good one' or 'the handsome one'. Popular in West African Islamic traditions, particularly among Fulani and Mandinka peoples.

Combination of Mohamed (praised, commendable) and Amin (trustworthy, faithful). Reflects Islamic virtues of honor and reliability.

From Arabic meaning 'reddish' or 'fair-complexioned'. A classical Islamic name borne by a companion of the Prophet Muhammad.

Servant of the judge or servant of Allah. A name with Islamic roots that has gained popularity in African-American communities in the United States.

From Hebrew Yitzhak, meaning 'he will laugh' or 'laughter'. Widely used in Islamic tradition as the Arabic form of Isaac, the biblical patriarch.

From Arabic meaning 'wisdom'. A virtue name reflecting knowledge and sound judgment, used in Islamic cultures.

From Arabic 'Nur' (light) and 'Muhammad' (praised). A compound name honoring the Prophet Muhammad with emphasis on divine light.

From Arabic meaning 'satisfied' or 'pleased'. Associated with the 8th heaven in Islamic tradition, representing divine approval and contentment.

The ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, a sacred time of fasting and spiritual reflection observed by Muslims worldwide.

Combination of Muhammad (praised, commendable) and Ibrahim (father of nations). Honors the Prophet Muhammad and the patriarch Abraham in Islamic faith.

From Arabic meaning 'proof' or 'evidence', also interpreted as 'the clear one' in Islamic tradition

From Arabic meaning 'praiseworthy' or 'commendable', derived from the root word for praise and commendation in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic 'masud' meaning 'fortunate' or 'blessed.' Associated with good fortune and divine favor in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic 'Buraq', the legendary winged creature from Islamic tradition that carried Prophet Muhammad on his night journey.

From Hebrew Miriam, likely meaning 'of the sea' or 'beloved.' Popular Islamic variant of Mary, revered in Quranic tradition as mother of Jesus.

From Arabic meaning 'tall' or 'long', also interpreted as 'famous' or 'renowned'. A traditional Islamic name with historical significance in Middle Eastern cultures.

From Arabic meaning 'noble' or 'knowing'. Associated with wisdom and high moral character in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic meaning 'life' or 'living', a name carrying connotations of vitality and strength in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic meaning 'soft' or 'delicate', often associated with feminine grace and tenderness in Islamic naming traditions.

From Arabic 'ziyārah' meaning 'visit' or 'pilgrimage', particularly associated with spiritual journeys in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic meaning 'piety' or 'God-consciousness', a core concept in Islamic faith representing awareness and reverence of God

From Arabic meaning 'best' or 'most excellent'. A revered Islamic name borne by the third Caliph, Uthman ibn Affan, known for his piety and compilation of the Quran.

From Arabic 'Sayed' meaning 'master' or 'lord'; a title of respect, also used as a given name in Muslim cultures.

From Arabic meaning 'blessed' or 'fortunate', also interpreted as 'safe' or 'secure'. Common in Muslim cultures.

From Arabic meaning 'fasting' or 'one who fasts', traditionally associated with Islamic practice and spiritual discipline

From Arabic 'Abdi' (servant/worshipper) and 'Malik' (king). Means 'servant of the king' or 'king's servant'.

From Arabic meaning 'abundance' or 'plenty', often associated with the Kawthar spring in Islamic tradition, a river in paradise

From Arabic meaning 'blessed' or 'fortunate'. A traditional Islamic feminine name with roots in early Muslim history.

From Arabic 'jamīl' meaning beautiful, graceful, or handsome. A feminine form expressing elegance and refinement.

Short form of Ibrahim, from Hebrew Abraham meaning 'father of multitudes.' A name of deep religious and cultural significance across Islamic and Abrahamic traditions.

From Arabic meaning 'the elevated one' or 'the tall one', also associated with nobility and dignity in Islamic tradition.

From Arabic 'mourad' meaning 'desired' or 'intended'; also connected to the concept of will and purpose in Islamic tradition.